do you...

1 "the", indeclinable definite article I, Nam, RGEO:67, Markirya, WJ:369, WJ:398, MC:215, 216, 221. A variant in q.v. is also attested. Hyphenated i- in i-mar "the earth" FS, i-Ciryamo "the mariner's" UT:8, i-aldar *"the trees" Narqelion, attached with a dot in i·yulmar *"the cups" VT48:11, I·Eldanyárë "the History of the Elves" LR:199, i·arya *“the best” PE17:57, directly prefixed with no hyphen or dot in icilyanna = i cilyanna in SD:247, also ihyarma “the left hand” in VT49:22 but i hyarma in other versions of the same text. 2 relative pronoun "the one/they who; that which" both article and relative pronoun in CO: i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa: the One who is above all thrones", i hárar "they who are sitting"; cf. also the phrase i hamil mára "that which you deem good" VT42:33. Notice that before a verb, i means "the one who", or, in the case of a plural verb, "those who"; e.g. i carir quettar ómainen "those who form words with voices" WJ:391. According to VT47:21, i as a relative pronoun is the personal plural form corresponding to the personal sg. ye and the impersonal sg. ya. This agrees with the example i carir..., but as is evident from the other examples listed above, Tolkien in certain texts also used i as a singular relative pronoun, both personal Eru i... and impersonal i hamil. In the sense of a plural personal relative pronoun, i is also attested in the genitive ion and ablative illon cases, demonstrating that unlike the indeclinable article i, the relative pronoun i can receive case endings. Both are translated "from whom": ion/ illon camnelyes "from whom you received it" referring to several persons VT47:21. 3 conj. “that”. Savin Elessar ar ui/u nánë aran Ondórëo “I believe that Elessar really existed and uthat/u he was a king of Gondor” VT49:27, savin…ui/u Elesarno quetië naitë *”I believe uthat/u Elessar’s speaking is true” VT49:28Also cf. nai, nái “be it that” see nai \#1, which may seem to incorporate this conjunction.

vb. "came", pl. eller with a plural subject MC:215; this is "Qenya"; in later Quenya, ellë could be the emphatic pronoun "you", pl., corresponding to singular elyë "thou" – at least in the conceptual phase where -llë was the ending for plural "you".

imperative particle with ending -lyë "you"; see a \#3.

1 1st person pl. exclusive pronoun "we, us" VT49:51; VT43:23, VT44:9. This pronoun preserves the original stem-form VT49:50. Stressed mé VT49:51. Cf. also mel-lumna "us-is-heavy", sc. *"is heavy for us" LR:47, mel- is evidently an assimilated form of men "for us", dative of me; the form men is attested by itself, VT43:21. For me as object, cf. álaumë/u "do not do something to uus/u", negative imperative particle with object pronoun suffixed VT43:19: álamë tulya, "do not lead us", áumen/u "do something ufor us/u", imperative particle with dative pronoun suffixed ámen apsenë "forgive us", VT43:12, 18. Dual exclusive met "we/us two" Nam, VT49:51, "you and me" VT47:11; the latter translation would make met an inclusive pronoun, though it is elsewhere suggested that it is rather exclusive: "him/her and me", corresponding to wet q.v. as the true inclusive dual form. Rá men or rámen "for us/on our behalf", see rá. Locative messë "on us", VT44:12 also with prefix o, ó- ?"with" in the same source. See also ménë, ómë.

“k” *“you”, emphatic pronoun for 2nd person pl. familiar, apparently a form abandoned by Tolkien. It is listed as an alternative to ilcë in the source, a query appearing between the forms VT49:48, 49. The word could also be read as intë VT49:49

*"yourself, thyself", 2nd person intimate sg. reflexive pronoun, e.g. *tiritye intyë, "you watch yourself" but apparently the general reflexive pronoun immo can also be used. Compare imlë. VT47:37

1 noun “way” = “method, manner” “as in that is not A’s way”. Not to be confused with lé as a stressed form of le = plural “you”; Tolkien was himself dissatisfied with this clash PE17:74. 2 prep. “with” PE17:95

"yourselves", 2nd person pl.. reflexive pronoun, e.g. *tirildë indë, "you watch yourselves". Indë is derived from earlier imde VT47:37

vb. "send", attested in the past tense with pronominal suffixes: lentanelyes "you sent him". Changed by Tolkien to \#lelta-, q.v. VT47:22, 21

“k” *“you two”, abandoned pronominal ending for the familiar 2nd person dual; in later sources the relevant ending is rather -stë VT49:48. The ending -ilco was apparently changed from -ilto VT49:49. Compare -illo.

vb. "receive" attested in the past tense \#camnë with pronominal endings added: camnelyes "you received it" VT47:21

“same one, self” VT49:33, general singular reflexive pronoun covering both the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person sg., except where the subject is impersonal, in which case imma is used instead VT47:37. Hence *tirin immo "I watch myself", *tirilyë immo "you watch yourself", *tiris immo "she watches him/herself" but apparently *tiris imma "it watches itself".

1 "your", 2nd person pl. possessive suffix VT49:16. Onnalda *“your child” VT49:42. In an earlier manuscript, this ending was used for singular “you” instead, attested in the phrase Arwen vanimalda "Arwen your beauty", sc. "O beautiful Arwen", and in meletyalda "your majesty" WJ:369 Arwen vanimalda was however changed to Arwen vanimelda in the second edition of LotR, Tolkien reinterpreting the last word see vanimalda. The ending for singular "your" appears as -lya elsewhere. LotR1:II ch. 6 2 in some versions of Quenya a comparative or augmentative suffix, later abandoned by Tolkien PE17:55, 56. See vanimalda.

prep. with pron. suffix 1 *”beside you”, in this sense changed to ardë; 2 *”beside them”, in this sense changed to artë VT49:25. See ara.

1 adv. *“alike” VT49:10 2 vb. "see" Arct; present/continuative tense of a verbal stem \#vel-? The context of the sentence where it occurs "till I see you next" suggests that this is "see" in the sense of "meet".

1 “one of several suffixes indicating feminine agent”, as in Tintallë “kindler” vs. the verb tinta- “to kindle”. In the source PE17:69 Tolkien noted that -llë was little used because of the clash with the pronominal ending -llë see \#2 below, but the latter ending was later revised. 2 abandoned pronominal ending “you”, 2nd person pl. VT49:48; Tolkien later revised this ending to -ldë.

pronominal suffix, 1st person sg. possessive, "my" VT49:16, 38, 48, e.g. tatanya *"my daddy" UT:191, VT48:17, meldonya *”my male friend” VT49:38, meldenya *"my female friend” Elaine inscription, omentienya *”my meeting” PE17:68, tyenya “my tye” tye being an intimate form of “you”, used = “dear kinsman” VT49:51, 56. This ending seems to prefer i as its connecting vowel where one is needed, cf. Anarinya "my sun" in LR:72, so also in hildinyar "my heirs". It was previously theorized by some that a final -ë would also be changed to -i- before -nya, but the example órenya "my heart órë" indicates that this is not the case VT41:11.

cf. PE17:135 where Tolkien states that hiruvalyë “thou shalt find” from Namárië would be hiruvatyë if the polite pronoun were replaced by the familiar one. Compare the independent pronoun tye. In VT49:51, Tolkien denies that the ending -tyë has any short form see, however, -t \# 3. Cf. natyë “you are”; see ná \#1. Compare tye, -tya.

1 “your”, dual 2nd person possessive pronominal ending: “of you two” VT49:45, 16, cf. -stë q.v. Genitive -sto in veryanwesto “of your wedding” VT49:45 and tengwiesto “of your reading” VT49:47, allative -stanna in parmastanna“on your book” VT49:47. An archaic ending of similar form could also be the third person dual *“of the two of them” but according to VT49:51, the corresponding subject ending was changed to -ttë, and then the ending for “their” would presumably become *-tta 2 ending occurring in the names of certain lands VT43:15, e.g. the Forostar or "Northlands" of Númenor UT:165

prep. with pron. suffix *”beside you” pl, changed from astë VT49:25. See ara.